Hormone Synthesis
- Protein and peptide hormones begin as preprohormones translated on rough endoplasmic reticulum.
- Signal-peptide removal converts a preprohormone into a prohormone.
- The Golgi apparatus packages prohormones into secretory vesicles, where cleavage produces the active hormone.
- The endoplasmic reticulum begins protein processing, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins, and secretory granules store hormones for regulated release.
- Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol rather than stored in secretory granules.
- Amine hormones such as thyroid hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine are derived from tyrosine.
- A derivative is made from a precursor molecule, so steroid hormones come from cholesterol and amine hormones come from the amino acid tyrosine.
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