Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System
- Cardiac output from the left heart equals cardiac output from the right heart in a steady circulation.
- Left heart supplies systemic blood flow.
- Right heart supplies pulmonary blood flow.
- Because the pulmonary and systemic circuits are connected in series, sustained mismatch between right-heart and left-heart output would cause blood to accumulate in one circuit.
- Pulmonary veins carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
- Mitral valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- Left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve.
- Aortic valve lies between the left ventricle and aorta.
- Aorta receives blood from the left ventricle through the aortic valve.
- Systemic arteries distribute blood from the aorta to organ circulations.
- Cerebral circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Coronary circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Renal circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Splanchnic circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Skeletal-muscle circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Skin circulation receives systemic arterial blood.
- Cerebral circulation supplies the brain, coronary circulation supplies the heart muscle, renal circulation supplies the kidneys, and splanchnic circulation supplies abdominal digestive organs.
- Systemic veins return blood from organ circulations toward the heart.
- Vena cava returns systemic venous blood to the right atrium.
- Tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve.
- Pulmonic valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
- Pulmonary artery receives blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonic valve.
- Pulmonary circulation returns blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
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