Overview: The Nucleus
- An organelle is a specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific job.
- The nucleus is usually the largest organelle in the cell and serves as the main storage site for hereditary information.
- The nuclear envelope is the membrane boundary that separates nuclear contents from the cytoplasm.
- The nucleolus is a dense nuclear region that helps make ribosomal components.
- The nucleoplasm is the fluid-like material inside the nucleus that surrounds chromatin and nucleoli.
- Chromatin is the nuclear material made from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated proteins.
- Chromosomes are organized chromatin structures that contain genetic information encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores the instructions a cell uses to make ribonucleic acid (RNA) and, indirectly, proteins.
- Protein synthesis is the process of building proteins, and the nucleus directs it by making the ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that guide cytoplasmic translation.
- Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a structural and catalytic RNA component of ribosomes.
- Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) carries genetic instructions from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to the cytoplasm.
- Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
- Regulatory noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are RNA molecules that help control gene expression without serving as protein-coding messages.
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis occurs in the nucleus for messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, and many regulatory noncoding RNAs.
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