Neck Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid laterally flexes and contralaterally rotates: Sternocleidomastoid laterally flexes and contralaterally rotates the head. Bilateral contraction flexes the neck. The accessory nerve supplies it. This relationship helps localize neurologic deficits after injury.
- A unilateral sternocleidomastoid contraction tilts the head toward the same side and turns the face toward the opposite side, while bilateral contraction uses both muscles together to flex the neck.
- Suprahyoid muscles elevate the: Suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid and floor of the mouth during swallowing. Its mechanical role contributes to controlled movement and structural support.
- Infrahyoid muscles depress the: Infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid and larynx after swallowing. Its mechanical role contributes to controlled movement and structural support.
- Suprahyoid muscles lift the hyoid and floor of the mouth during swallowing, and infrahyoid muscles help return the hyoid and larynx downward after the swallow.
- Platysma tenses neck skin and: Platysma tenses neck skin and is supplied by the facial nerve. This relationship helps localize neurologic deficits after injury.
- Scalenes laterally flex the: Scalenes laterally flex the neck, elevate the first two ribs, and form the interscalene triangle through which the subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass. The vascular relationship is important during surgery and hemorrhage control.
- The interscalene triangle is a space between scalene muscles where the brachial plexus and subclavian artery travel from the neck toward the upper limb.
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