Pubis and Ischium
- The pubis consists of a body, superior ramus, and inferior ramus.
- The pubic crest and tubercle lie on the anterior border.
- The pubic tubercle receives the medial inguinal ligament.
- The superior ramus contains the pectineal line and contributes to the acetabulum.
- The inferior ramus joins the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus.
- A ramus is a branchlike part of a bone; the pubic and ischial rami form the lower border of the obturator region and help frame the pelvic outlet.
- The pubic symphysis joins the two pubic bodies through fibrocartilage.
- Fibrocartilage is tough, shock-absorbing cartilage, so the pubic symphysis is a strong midline joint that allows only slight movement.
- The ischium forms the posteroinferior hip bone and has a body and ramus.
- The ischial spine separates the greater and lesser sciatic notches and anchors the sacrospinous ligament.
- The ischial tuberosity bears weight during sitting and gives origin to the hamstrings.
- The ischial spine helps divide sciatic notches, while the ischial tuberosity is the strong sitting bone that anchors hamstring origins.
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