Metabolic Functions
- The liver maintains blood glucose by performing gluconeogenesis, storing glucose as glycogen, and releasing glycogen-derived glucose.
- The liver synthesizes nonessential amino acids and plasma proteins.
- Hepatic fatty-acid oxidation supplies energy, while hepatic lipid synthesis produces lipoproteins, cholesterol, and phospholipids.
- Portal blood delivers potentially toxic substances to the liver for first-pass metabolism.
- Cytochrome P450 enzymes perform many phase I reactions.
- Phase II conjugation attaches additional groups that generally make substances easier to eliminate.
- Gluconeogenesis makes glucose, glycogen stores glucose, portal blood drains the gut to the liver, and first-pass metabolism means absorbed substances may be modified by the liver before reaching systemic circulation.
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