Regeneration of the Proximal Axonal Segment
- Proximal axonal segment is the part of a cut axon still connected to the soma.
- Distal end of the proximal segment initially degenerates near the wound.
- Macrophages remove remnants from the injured proximal segment.
- Axonal growth begins at the distal end of the proximal segment.
- Regeneration rate is about 0.5 to 3 millimeters per day.
- Schwann cell columns provide a pathway toward the original target.
- Successful regeneration occurs if the sprouting axon enters a Schwann-cell column.
- Functional reconnection occurs when the regenerating axon reestablishes contact with the effector cell.
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